Choice of Romance alternatives

Free 33 alternatives

Official website

Choice of Romance is an Adventure, Role-playing, Text-based, and Single-player video game created and published by Choice of Games LLC. The game is about romance, court intrigue, and deception, where you can decide how the story of the game proceeds.

It offers exciting gameplay without sound effects and graphics driven by the massive, endless power of your imagination. You can play either a male or a female to start your game in which your objective is to find true love, complete your quests, and earn enough points to gain a crown or lose your head. As the game progresses, it becomes challenging.

Progress through the story and engage yourself in the text-based gameplay experience. There are different achievements, such as Wizard’s Joust, A Respectable Marriage, Happily Ever After, and more. Every progress needs a set of points to unlock. With addictive gameplay and superb story, Choice of Romance is the best game to play and enjoy.

Ranked alternatives

1
ReignsPaid
Reigns is a Strategy, Puzzle, and Single-player video game developed by Nerial and published by Devolver Digital. The player controls a King who can rule over the kingdom by accepting or rejecting the suggestion from the advisor.
It allows the player to swipe right or left on a card depicting an advisor to reject or accept his suggestion. Each suggestion will have the consequence of changing the balance between different pillars of society. If one of four metrics becomes too low or too high in that case, the king loses his kingdom, and the game continues with the player controlling his head.
The gameplay offers different kinds of events that are caused or scripted by the king’s decisions. With quite fantastic game mechanics, quite addictive gameplay, and dynamic background music details, Reigns is an excellent game to play and enjoy.
Reigns alternatives
2
The EnsignPaid
The Ensign is a Text-based, Role-playing, and Single-player iOS video game created by Amirali Rajan. The Ensign is the pre-sequel to A Dark Room, taking place on the mysterious planet, and the protagonist is a member of an alien species called the Wanderers and tries to conquer the entire galaxy.
The wanderer attacked the human world and lost the war despite advanced technology. As the game begins, the player assumes the role of the protagonist, and his spaceship falls on a strange planet. The protagonist struggles to find his spaceship, and his admiral left behind. The ultimate task of the player is to find and repair his spaceship by collecting its parts and items. The game combines the elements of strategy, RPG, and text-based with permanent death.
Navigate the game world, gather resources, fight against vicious creatures, and try to find and repair the ship. With exciting gameplay, hand-drawn graphics, and a series of quests, The Ensign is a beautiful game to play and enjoy.
The Ensign alternatives
3
A Dark RoomPaid
A Dark Room is a Role-playing, Text-based, and Single-player video game created by Doublespeak Games. It offers an exciting story in which the protagonist awakens in the dark and cold room after a strange event.
The player has only a small light and little fire. The ultimate task of the player is to navigate the room, collect resources, interact with NPCs, and score the points. As the game progresses, the player can create his village, and the number of resources and exploration will increase. The game offers text-based gameplay, and the player can’t see any character.
During the gameplay, the player can challenge his fellows to beat his high score and can immerse himself in the fantastic gameplay experience. With text-based gameplay, cool features, exciting modes, and a superb story, A Dark Room is one of the best games to play and enjoy.
A Dark Room alternatives
4
Idle Miner TycoonFreemium
Idle Miner Tycoon is a mobile Simulation that puts you on an epic journey to become a tycoon. The game is available to play on Android and iOS developed and published by Fluffy Fairy Games. In the game, your main goal is to turn yourself into an industrial tycoon by managing your profits and mines. It has a series of levels, and you have to build your mining company and expand it further and further to become the best industrial.
The game rewards you with gold when you play offline and with dollars when you complete levels. Gather your money and use them in the right way to get more profits. As the game progress, you can unlock other levels, resources, materials, and more. Idle Miner Tycoon offers core features such as Automate your Workflow, Idle Cash, Profit from Investment, Hire Managers, Workers, Manage Five Cool Mines, and more. With a detailed environment, addictive gameplay, and superb mechanics, Idle Miner Tycoon is a beautiful game to play and enjoy.
Idle Miner Tycoon alternatives
5
Candy BoxFree
Candy Box is a browser-based, Role-playing, Text-based, and Single-player video game created and published by Aniwey. The game offers similar gameplay to A Dark Room and Progress Quest. The game focuses on candies, which you begin to receive at the rate of per second. The number of candies may increase as the game progresses. Candy Box offers quite simple gameplay but with advanced options, which will appear as you perform various actions.
The main goal is to gather candy to eat or use to purchase different items. There are a series of quests, and you have to fight against monsters and slaughter them to obtain candies. Through candies, you can buy a lollipop, wooden swords, and more to use in your quests.
Candy Box offers Text-based gameplay and lets you immerse yourself in point and click controls experience. With cool features, immersive gameplay, and simple graphics, Candy Box is a beautiful game to play.
Candy Box alternatives
6
Invisible DragonsFree
Invisible Dragons is a Role-playing, Text-based, and Single-player video game developed and published by Concept360 for iOS. The game takes place in the ice apocalypse and offers a chance to the player to become a hero by showing off his skills. Soon, the world falls into the darkness, where everything is going to cover with ice except the dragon’s eggs. The ultimate task is to create the Dragon Empire and try to survive as long as he can. The game offers unique strategy and text-based gameplay about fire, ice, spells, dragons, and gold.
As the game progress, the player can unlock further levels, features, and modes. It offers similar gameplay to Progress Quest, and the player will gain new abilities, items, and skills after making progress through the game. Invisible Dragons offer exciting features, immersive gameplay, beautiful graphics, and a lovely story.
Invisible Dragons alternatives
7
Idle Loot QuestFreemium
Idle Loot Quest is a Strategy, Role-playing, Text-based, and Single-player video game for Android and iOS. It offers similar gameplay to Progress Quest developed by TopCog. The game embarks you on an epic journey where you have to earn fame through libraries, toy factories, and more. Navigate the game, loot resources, score the highest points, and unlock further items using points.
Go on Quests to fulfill them and earn fame points. Hire different associates to help you and gather rare items such as treasure, potions, keys, and more. Score the highest points and challenge your friends to beat it on the leaderboard. There are over forty achievements to acquire or unlock. In the game, you have to become the best master of idle loot quester by defeating rivals. Idle Loot Quest offers core features such as Four Skills, Collect Ancient Loot, Hire Staff, Forty Achievements, Complete a series of Quests, and more.
Idle Loot Quest alternatives
8
Idle QuestFreemium
Idle Quest is a Strategy, Role-playing, Text-based, and Single-player video game for Mobile Platforms, such as Android and iOS. The game offers exciting gameplay that revolves around different elements, such as resource management, turn-based combat, quests, and more. It takes place in the unnamed world and lets the player get into the world where he has to complete a series of quests, fight against monsters, and vicious foes to acquire achievements.
The ultimate task is to score the highest points by defeating monsters or completing tasks to challenge your friends to beat them. You can show off your progress on the global leaderboards. The game unlocks further levels, achievements, quests, and items as you progress.
Idle Quest offers core features such as four different Skills, Upgrades, over 40 Achievements, powerful Foes, Grow your Stats, and more. With addictive gameplay, superb mechanics, and cool features, Idle Quest is a wonderful game to play and enjoy.
Idle Quest alternatives
9
GodvilleFreemium
Godville combines the elements of Zero-player, Browser-based, Role-playing, and god game available to play on cross-platforms. In the game, you can act as the god of the hero, and you can influence the character by punishing and encouraging them. You can create your hero, and he will perform whatever you say. The main objective is to send your heroes on different quests to fight against monsters and rescue innocent people. Earn experience points by collecting loot, gold, and resources.
As the game progresses, you gain the ability to craft items and can unlock further content. Use your points to enhance the level-up of your hero and immerse yourself in text-based gameplay that you have ever played before. It offers similar gameplay to Progress Quest and A Dark Room.
Godville alternatives
10
Progress QuestFree
Progress Quest is a Massively Multiplayer Online, Role-playing, Text-based, and Zero-player video game developed by Eric Fredricksen. The game focuses on the zero-player element, in which the player has to create his fictitious character, and there is no need for any user interaction the game plays itself.
The ultimate task is to unlock further content by progressing through the game and gain the ability to interact and collect. The player has to manage resources, craft items using different objects, and fight against monsters to earn statistic points. It features an auto-attack combat system where the player has to press the button to start the combat against monsters.
A progress bar shows the achievements of the player in the text description. It offers similar gameplay to A Dark Room. It introduces widgets to continue the progress in the game in the background, and growth stops when the device of the player goes to sleep. Progress Quest is a wonderful game to play and enjoy.
Progress Quest alternatives
11
Kingdom of LoathingFree
Kingdom of Loathing mixes the elements of Turn-based, Browser-based, and Role-playing genres. It supports Multiplayer mode developed and published by Asymmetric Publications. The game uses hand-drawn stick figure visuals and lets the player earn experience points by defeating monsters.
It offers text-based gameplay, and the player can interact with other players, fight against them in Player versus Player combats, and immerse himself in turn-based combat. In the beginning, the game offers several levels each day at the base of forty. The player has to collect resources, food, experience points, and has to maintain his health points to progress through the game. Kingdom of Loathing offers similar gameplay to Progress Quests and A Dark Room.
Through experience points, the player can buy different items, equipment, and other stuff. The player can use different weapons, items, and skills when he is fighting against monsters. With hand-drawn graphics, addictive gameplay, superb visuals, Kingdom of Loathing is an incredible text-based game to play.
Kingdom of Loathing alternatives
12
Zork IFree
Zork I is a Text-based, Puzzle, and Single-player video game developed by Infocom. It is an excellent interactive fiction computer game in which the player can take on the role of a nameless protagonist who starts his epic journey in the vast dark land in search of adventure and wealth. It allows the player to explore the whole game world to collect information to remain alive. During the gameplay, the player has to gather all the treasure needed to complete his adventure. The game world is full of various novel creatures, locations, and objects.
According to the gameplay, the player can defeat various deadly creatures to find all the treasures of Zork to progress. When the player can find treasure, it allows the player to use his strategy to solve the puzzles. It is an excellent text-based game that offers addictive gameplay to immerse the player deep into the brilliant game world. Zork I provides a content-rich story, simple controls, and excellent graphics details.
Zork I alternatives
13
Affairs of the Court: Choice of RomancePaid
Affairs of the Court: Choice of Romance is a Text-based, Adventure, Role-playing, and Single-player video game developed and published by Choice of Games. It is an interactive fantasy novel that Heather Albano writes. The game offers more than 223,000 words without any effects of sound and graphics. It allows the player to play as a male, female, gay, or straight.
The game allows the player to match wits with the court’s schemers or play suitors off each other to find true love. It is an excellent game that consists of a series of levels. Each level of the game offers more enjoyable gameplay than the last one that offers his imagination’s unstoppable power.
Affairs of the Court: Choice of Romance alternatives
14
NationStatesFree
Max Barry introduces a Multiplayer Government Simulation named as NationStates. The game allows the player to set up his nation by answering a short question about his intentions for its economic system, political freedoms, and civil rights, etc. The player is answerable to the initial inquiry to define the government he is running.
After the progress, the new nations appear in the five central game regions, which located in the NationStates, but the countries can move to other areas or build their own. The player must keep the right decisions at the right time to progress. The player is responsible for all kinds of issues. NationStates offers amazing gameplay that offers educational gameplay to immerse deep into the brilliant game world.
NationStates alternatives
15
Digital: A Love StoryFree
Digital: A Love Story is a Text-based, Visual-Novel, and Single-player video game by Christine Love. The game tells the story of the protagonist’s online relationship with the females and his attempts to solve the various AI’s death puzzle. The game presented as if on a computer from the late 1980s running the Amie OS (operating system). In this game, the player can read and reply to different messages from other people. Text received from the other characters in the game is shown through the different programs on the screen.
If the player sends the wrong reply, the game cannot be changed. It is an excellent interactive fiction video game that offers enjoyable gameplay to engage himself deep into the fantastic game world. Digital: A Love Story offers great mechanics, a wonderful storyline, and dynamic background music.
Digital: A Love Story alternatives
16
The Forest of DoomPaid
The Forest of Doom is an Adventure-based, Role-player, Visual-Novel, and Single-player video game created and published by Tin Man Games. It is an excellent text-based video game that allows the player to take part in a classic book adventure that introduces a whole generation to the Fantasy Role-playing gaming experience. The player can relive the adventure in the massive Darkwood Forest on his device, presented in full color with brilliant realistic physics-based dice rolling for combat and auto-updated adventure.
The game also introduces new Auto-Mapping that the player can never get lost in the Darkwood Forest. The Forest of Doom offers key features such as fantastic new cover artwork, lots of achievements, upgrades and Atmospheric new visuals, etc.
The Forest of Doom alternatives
17
Zork I the Great Underground EmpireFree
Zork I the Great Underground Empire is a Text-based, Interactive Faction and Single-player video game developed by Infocom and published by Activision. The story of the game takes place in the Zork calendar year 948 GUE, in which the player can take on the role of an adventurer. The game started near the white house in the small self-contained area. Before starting the game, it allows the player to learn all instructions about the game, and the house delivers an obvious point of interest.
In this game, the player aims to enter the house and interact with multiple objects to collect the Twenty Treasure of Zork and install them into the trophy case. Zork I the Great Underground Empire offers various puzzles such as exploring the different maze and interacting with the environment. Each complete puzzle provides huge rewards that will help the player to unlock a new puzzle. It is an excellent game for all Text-based lovers.
Zork I the Great Underground Empire alternatives
18
Candy Box 2Free
Candy Box 2 is the second game in the series of Candy Box and offers similar gameplay to the first installment with the new adventure, developed and published by Hyrulia. Complete all the practice levels that will teach the player about the primary task of the game.
After completing this tutorial, it allows the player to start his adventure, discovers lots of quests, choices, weapon, non-player characters, and spells, etc. and also prepare himself for the various exciting surprises. In this game, the player aims to collect candies to make the highest points.
Candy Box 2 introduces lots of new levels, and at each level, the player can get lots of sweets to progress. It allows the player to buy things with the help of his candy from the village shop. Before starting each mission, it will enable the player to click on the map to open the new area and explore to eat the candy. Candy Box 2 offers enhanced game mechanics, smooth controls, and brilliant graphics.
Candy Box 2 alternatives
19
Idle Oil Tycoon
Idle Oil Tycoon is a Casual and Single-player Business Simulation developed and published by Moldy Games. It offers Idle-Clicker gameplay, in which the player can create his oil empire and try to expand it further to become the business tycoon.
The gameplay consists of a series of levels, and at each level, the player aims to increase his investment and invent new technologies to earn more revenue. After the progress of the game, the player can create another empire using his experience points.
Idle Oil Tycoon features smooth and straightforward gameplay, a few minutes of play, lots of upgrades and achievements, etc. With quite addictive gameplay and brilliant visual details, Idle Oil Tycoon is a beautiful game to play and enjoy.
Idle Oil Tycoon alternatives
20
Idling to Rule the GodsFree
Idling to Rule the Gods is a Free to Play, Idle Clicker, and Single-player video game by Shugasu UG. In the year 9001, humans destroyed all the habitable planets in the known universe. In the last world, they build a space dimension device; with the help of this device, they were able to travel in a different dimension.
On the first habitable planet, they noticed that this world works differently than the known universe ruled by the king. The human tried to fight against the king to rule the universe, but all have died, and only the player could survive. In this game, the ultimate task of the player is to create his clones, train them, learn new skills, and fight against monsters.
It allows the player to find strong gods and defeat them all. It is an excellent and challenging Idle game that immerses the player deep into the fantasy game world. Idling to Rule the Gods offers simple mechanics with enjoyable gameplay.
Idling to Rule the Gods alternatives
21
Urban DeadFree
Urban Dead is a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing, Horror, Survival, and Text-based Browser video game developed and published by Kevan Davis. The game takes place in the quarantined region of the fictional city of Malton. It deals with the aftermath of a zombie outbreak. The player can enter the game as a survivor or a zombie. Each one of them has different tasks, abilities, and limitations. The survivor becomes a zombie where they are killed, and the zombies can be revived with appropriate technologies, returning to the normal life as a survivor. All the characters played for long will thus spend some time alive and some as the zombie.
There no NPCs in the game because the players control all the zombies and survivors. The player can start his adventure as one of three survivor classes such as Civilian, Military, or Scientist. Each one has a few advantages and disadvantages. The survivor characters move twice as fast as low-level zombies and can employ multiple weapons and useable tools. The most exciting and enjoyable thing about this game is that it offers the survivors to communicate with the other survivors via speech, radio broadcasting, and text messaging. Urban Dead is one of the best Text-based MMORPG games to play and enjoy.
Urban Dead alternatives
22
The Kingdom of LoathingFree
The Kingdom of Loathing is an Adventure, Turn-based, Role-playing, Single and Multiplayer video game created and published by Asymmetric Productions. The game uses stick-figure hand-drawn graphics and writing characterized by surreal humor, wordplay, and parody. In this game, the player can also battle against monsters for experience points and acquire items through a turn-based system. The game feature more than forty different adventures such as trading, construct a building, defeating monsters, and much more.
It also allows the player to interact with other online players participating in the game economy system by trading goods and completing various tasks together. After gaining enough experience points, the player gains new levels, which lets the player access new areas and quests, making the game more interesting. The Kingdom of Loathing includes core features such as craft weapons, multiple puzzles, enjoyable background music, explore dungeons, and much more. With impressive gameplay, an objective storyline, and beautiful visual details.
The Kingdom of Loathing alternatives
23
Moses: Old Testament Adventure #1Paid
Moses: Old Testament Adventure #1 is a Text-based, Adventure, Puzzle, Interactive Fiction, and Single-player video game created by Three Rivers Software and published by First Row Software Publishing. The game puts the player into the role of the protagonist, who must struggle to rescue his people from slavery in Ancient Egypt. A simple and easy play text-based game with optional graphics allows the player to interact with the environment and enjoy the puzzle.
The major objective of the game is to follow the book and complete all the tasks to progress. It offers multiple tasks to complete, and each new task of the game offers the more complicated challenge of the last one. After completing the numbers of levels, it allows the player to manipulate the environment from the first-person perspective, explore the location, interact with the NPCs, and solve puzzles to progress. Moses: Old Testament Adventure #1 also includes prominent features such as complex puzzles to solve, a superb storyline, and fantastic game mechanics.
Moses: Old Testament Adventure #1 alternatives
24
Sara Is MissingFree
Sara Is Missing is a Simulation by Kaigan Games for Android and iOS platforms. It is specially designed for those players who want to enjoy mystery-like adventure games. The gameplay revolves around the female character Sara who is disappeared. In this game, the player can assume the protagonist’s role, who starts his adventure to find Sara. When the player starts his journey, he found a phone belonging to the missing girl. To complete his objective, the player must explore the numbers of locations, collect clues, investigate the personal messages, pictures, and videos of Sara’s phone while attempting her final days.
During the play, the player must unlock all the protected files and read all the hidden messages to complete his task. The player character can chat with multiple NPCs at a time and can receive videos and photos. It has multiple ending, depend on the player which he chooses. Sara Is Missing offers enjoyable gameplay, a well-written storyline, and beautiful visual details.
Sara Is Missing alternatives
25
SeenFreemium
Seen is an Addictive Simulation by Polychrome Games for Android and iOS platforms. It is an interactive story game that takes place in a high school where the player plays as Mark Blythe, a student who fell in love with new fellow student Nicole Tyler.
The task of the player gets to know Nicole and his friends named Mike Jenny and Valerie. The game features several endings, and each one depends on the action the player makes during the gameplay. It is an enjoyable game for teenagers and offers a real-time chat experience to immerse the player deep into the beautiful world.
Seen features a remake of annie96, a typing game by Pascal Chatterjee, a creepy chat history that took Reddit and Twitter by storm. It includes core features, such as different outcomes based on your choices, realistic chat clients, your own story, and more.
Seen alternatives
26
Emily Is AwayFree
Emily Is Away is a Text-based, Visual-Novel, Romance, and Single-player video game developed and published by Kyle Seeley. It sets in the early-to-mid 2000s and tells the story of the protagonist’s relationship with a girl named Emily. The story focuses on five years from the senior year of high school to the senior year of college.
It offers utterly text-based gameplay that allows the player to chat with Emily, build strong relations, and complete a series of tasks such as create a user profile and interface, etc. The game offers an utterly real-time conversation experience and allows the player to choose different questions. Emily Is Away includes core features such as a real-time chat option, unlockable new levels, simple controls, and great mechanics.
Emily Is Away alternatives
27
Ultra Business Tycoon IIIFree
Ultra Business Tycoon III is a Text-based and Single-player Browser video game developed and published by Porpentine. It is an addictive game specially made for those players who love text games and want to enjoy the real story. The game features multiple stories; each one has its questions to complete. At the start, the game requires the player to complete the requirement to start his gameplay.
During the play, the player must give each answer correctly to progress in the game; if the player chooses the wrong answer, the player will lose his life, and the game restart from the beginning. Ultra Business Tycoon III is an impressive text-based game that you can access anytime, anywhere around the world.
Ultra Business Tycoon III alternatives
28
Mind Prober
Mind Prober is an Educational, Strategy, and Multilayer Simulation developed and published by The Human Edge. The game offers challenging gameplay, in which the player can ask questions to rate himself or other players on the series of more than 23 adjectives, computes the results and prints a three-page report describing the person.
It is an enjoyable game specially made for those friends who want to enjoy their free time. The game offers different kinds of questions that depend on the player’s gender and age. Mind Prober is an excellent game and offers lots of chapters that help the player to understand people around the player better.
Mind Prober alternatives
29
3D Code CrackerPaid
3D Code Cracker is a Real-time, Arcade, Puzzle, and Single-player video game developed and published by Sima System. It is a collection of five advanced matching games in the space station environment, consists of multiple stages. The player aims to crack the matching codes, which are side by side in the group of 2 to 7. It offers a series of hot codes that indicates a combination which the player has to find to get the bonus scores and move in advance. In most of the stages, the player must keep his eye on the Hot Code indicator ad in the same case Timer indicator as well. 3D Code Cracker is an enjoyable game that offers a mind-twisting puzzle to immerse the player deep into the challenging world.
3D Code Cracker alternatives
30
BitLifeFreemium
BitLife is a Text-based Life Simulation created and published by Candywritter LLC. The ultimate objective of the game is to live a digital life without any struggles and difficulties, portrayed with both cartoon and humorous scenarios.
As compared to other life-simulation games, it is a bit different and offers addictive gameplay that lets you immerse yourself deep into the game world. The game has multiple options to choose from, such as a model citizen, a criminal, an adventurer and fall in love, etc. Each one has its own story to complete and progress.
To enjoy the game, you need to download and install it on your mobile device, choose your age, select a story, and start your journey. You need to select the right option to discover how bit-by-bit life choices can add up to determine your success in the game. BitLife is an addictive text-based life-simulator for all teenagers.
BitLife alternatives
31
The Lost Treasures of InfocomPaid
The Lost Treasures of Infocom offers a pack of 20 exciting video games of Interactive fiction and Adventure. All games support only Single-player mode and available to play on multiple platforms. The most prominent games are, such as Zork I, Beyond Zork, Enchanter, Deadline, The Witness, Suspect, Ballyhoo, Suspended, Station fall, and more. Each game contains a pack of introductions and maps for the player to follow and navigate.
Each title has a set of levels, and the player requires to complete the requirements of each one to advance through the game. The collection of games features a launch menu, which allows you to choose one of the twenty playable games you wish to play. During the gameplay, the player can interact with others and the environment to become the master. Earn points and set your record of the best scores.
The Lost Treasures of Infocom alternatives
32
Will: The Death Trap IIPaid
Will: The Death Trap II is an Interactive Fiction, Puzzle, and Single-player Text Adventure video game that involves detective and mysteries elements. The game supports only Single-player, and it provides you with an opportunity to become a detective. The storyline starts with the president of the United States of America, who receives a letter with simple, but breathtaking words, revealing within 24 hours, all human population will be annihilated. It serves as the sequel to The Death Trap, made by Square.
Similar to the previous installment, the locations and areas are represented using the graphical images, but the interaction is performed by merely typing commands. A team of specialists has embarked on a mission to track the sender of the letter, and they found him on a small island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Next to that, you are sent to find out the letter by defeating enemies who are planning to smash the world or sit down to see the destruction of the world.
Will: The Death Trap II alternatives
33
TornFree
Torn is a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing and Text-based video game created by Torn LTD. It is a virtual world game based on gang violence, where the player can start at the bottom of the ladder and try to make his way to the top by completing the number of missions and earns lots of experience points.
The gameplay focuses on the crimes with the PvP combat system as a way to make the experience points. It has various stages, and in each one, the player needs the right decisions at the right time to win the game. As compared to other similar text-based video games, it introduces lots of new exciting experiences that immerse him deep into the brilliant game world. Torn offers a well-written storyline and great mechanics.
Torn alternatives